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Chowlk Visual Notation

A set of recommendations for ontology diagrams representation.

Contact:

María Poveda-Villalón
Contact email: chowlk@delicias.dia.fi.upm.es

Authors:

María Poveda-Villalón (Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
Raúl García-Castro (Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
Serge Chávez-Feria (Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
Sergio-Mario Carulli-Pérez (Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)

Last update:

2022-12-22

Chowlk Diagrams.net Library (lightweight version):

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Getting Started

The following video shows you how to start conceptualizing your ontology using diagrams.net and this notation.

1. Introduction

This document describes the Chowlk visual notation to construct ontology conceptualizations. It provides a set of visual blocks to represent each element from the OWL specification. The visual notation allows the representation of high-level as well as fine-grained constructs from the OWL language, giving the user the freedom to choose the level of expresiveness for their conceptualization.

2. Specification

This sections gives detailed information about the diagraming blocks used to represent the OWL elements used in the construction of an ontology. The specification is structured around the three main elements of an ontology: owl:Class, owl:ObjectProperty and owl:DatatypeProperty. Each table in the sub-sections contains not only the diagram block but also the equivalent owl code, and a description of the element.

2.1. Basic Elements
Diagram Block Description OWL Element
class Block to represent named and unnamed classes, as well as individual elements within the ontology conceptualization. The content of the block should be accompanied with the prefix and the name of the concept on order to fully identify it. owl:Class
individual Block to represent named and unnamed classes, as well as individual elements within the ontology conceptualization. The content of the block should be accompanied with the prefix and the name of the concept on order to fully identify it. owl:Individual
object-property Standard way to represent object properties. Variations can apply to the type of line or the connections style depending on the range or domain specification. For more details see section 2.3. owl:ObjectProperty
sub-class Special arrow to indicate sub-class relationship between two classes. owl:subClassOf
type Special arrow to represent several relationships between elements of this specification. It can be used to indicate rdf:type relationships, or to connect a owl:unionOf axiom with all the concepts it is composed of. rdf:type
datatype-properties Standard way to represent datatype properties attached to a specific owl:Class element. Variations can apply to the type of outer line depending on the domain and range specification. For more details see section 2.4. rdf:DatatypeProperty
object-properties Alternative way to represent object properties. rdf:ObjectProperty
datatype-properties Alternative way to represent datatype properties. rdf:DatatypeProperty
namespaces Block to indicate all the namespaces used in the ontology. The first namespace is the URI used for the current ontology. It is obligatory to include all the namespaces being used in order to use the ontology converter service. @prefix base: <http://namespace.com#>
metadata Block to indicate the annotation properties describing the ontology. The annotations in use should include the prefix and the annotation name, as indicated in the figure. If custom annotations are utilized, the namespace block should include the prefixes and namespaces for those annotation properties. owl:AnnotationProperty
2.2. Namespaces

By default chowlk provides the following namespaces:

  • owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
  • rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
  • rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
  • xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
  • xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
  • dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
  • dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
  • vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>

Definition of @base an empty prefix when they are not specified in the namespaces.

Diagram Block OWL Element
namespace prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg#> .
...
@base <https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg#> .
<https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg#Class1> a owl:Class .
:Class2 a owl:Class .

Definition of @base an empty prefix when a base is specified in the namespaces but the empty prefix is not specified.

Diagram Block OWL Element
namespace prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/base#> .
...
@base <https://w3id.org/def/base#> .
<https://w3id.org/def/base#Class1> a owl:Class .
:Class2 a owl:Class .

Definition of @base an empty prefix when a base is not specified in the namespaces but the empty prefix is specified.

Diagram Block OWL Element
namespace prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/emptyPrefix#> .
...
@base <https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg#> .
<https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg#Class1> a owl:Class .
:Class2 a owl:Class .

Definition of @base an empty prefix when they are specified in namespaces.

Diagram Block OWL Element
namespace prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/emptyPrefix#> .
...
@base <https://w3id.org/def/base#> .
<https://w3id.org/def/base#Class1> a owl:Class .
:Class2 a owl:Class .
2.3. Ontology Metadata

The metadata associated to the ontology itself is important in order to provide an overview and identify an ontology, understand its usage conditions and understand its provenance. We recommend the following properties. The optional properties are not critical to identify or reuse a target ontology. However, they provide additional information to understand the vocabulary.

More Information

More information about this metadata in D. Garijo, M. Poveda-Villalon, "Best Practices for Implementing FAIR Vocabularies and Ontologies on the Web" In "Applications and Practices in Ontology Design", IOS Press, 2020.


Property Name Annotation Property Rationale Guideline
License dcterms:license Usage conditions Recommended
Creator dcterms:creator Provenance and attribution Recommended
Contributor dcterms:contributor Provenance and attribution Recommended
Creation date dcterms:created Provenance Recommended
Previous version owl:priorVersion Provenance and comparison Recommended
Namespace URI vann:preferredNamespaceUri Identifying the ontology Recommended
Version IRI owl:versionIRI Versioning Recommended
Prefix vann:preferredNamespacePrefix Identifying the ontology Recommended
Title dcterms:title Understanding Recommended
Description dcterms:description Understanding Recommended
Citation dcterms:bibliographicCitation Credit Recommended
Abstract dcterms:abstract Additional information Optional
See also rdfs:seeAlso Additional information Optional
Status sw:status Maturity information Optional
Backward compatibility owl:backwardCompatibility Version compatibility Optional
Incompatibility owl:incompatibleWith Version compatibility Optional
Modification Date dcterms:modified Provenance and timeliness Optional
Issued date dcterms:issued Provenance and timeliness Optional
Source dcterms:source Provenance Optional
Publisher dcterms:published Provenance Optional
DOI bibo:doi Bibliographic information Optional
Logo foaf:logo Identifying the ontology Optional
Diagram foaf:depiction Visual documentation Optional

The same ontology metadata can be defined more than once if it has more than one value.

Notation Example OWL Code
class dc:creator "María Poveda-Villalón",
"Raúl García-Castro" .

owl:imports can be defined too. If more than one ontology are going to be imported, they have to be in different lines.

Notation Example OWL Code
class owl:imports <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4city/>, <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4watr/> .
2.4. Class Definition

Definition of a named class.

Diagram Block OWL Element
class owl:Class

Definition of an unnamed class to represent property restrictions and owl:complementOf.

Diagram Block OWL Element
class owl:Class

Definition of an unnamed class to represent logical combinations between other classes, such as AND or OR operators.

Diagram Block OWL Element
class owl:Class
2.5. Class Descriptions

A class description describes an OWL class, either by a class name or by specifying the class extension of an unnamed anonymous class. OWL distinguishes six types of class descriptions:

  1. a class identifier (a URI reference)
  2. an exhaustive enumeration of individuals that together form the instances of a class
  3. a property restriction
  4. the intersection of two or more class descriptions
  5. the union of two or more class descriptions
  6. the complement of a class description
The first type is special in the sense that it describes a class through a class name (syntactically represented as a URI reference). The other five types of class descriptions describe an anonymous class by placing constraints on the class extension.

2.5.1. Class Identifier
Diagram Block OWL Element
namespace ns:Class a owl:Class
2.5.2. Enumeration

A class description of the "enumeration" kind is defined with the owl:oneOf property. The value of this built-in OWL property must be a list of individuals that are the instances of the class. This enables a class to be described by exhaustively enumerating its instances. The class extension of a class described with owl:oneOf contains exactly the enumerated individuals, no more, no less.

Diagram Block OWL Element
namespace owl:oneOf (ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3)
2.5.3. Restriction

A property restriction is a special kind of class description. It describes an anonymous class, namely a class of all individuals that satisfy the restriction. OWL distinguishes two kinds of property restrictions: value constraints and cardinality constraints.

  • A value constraint puts constraints on the range of the property when applied to this particular class description.
  • A cardinality constraint puts constraints on the number of values a property can take, in the context of this particular class description.
Property restrictions can be applied both to datatype properties (properties for which the value is a data literal) and object properties (properties for which the value is an individual).

2.5.3.1. Value Constraints

The value constraint owl:allValuesFrom is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to either a class description or a data range. A restriction containing an owl:allValuesFrom constraint is used to describe a class of all individuals for which all values of the property under consideration are either members of the class extension of the class description or are data values within the specified data range. In other words, it defines a class of individuals x for which holds that if the pair (x,y) is an instance of P (the property concerned), then y should be an instance of the class description or a value in the data range, respectively.

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


universal restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 .

Alternative


universal restriction

Alternative


universal restriction
Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


universal restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:allValuesFrom xsd:datatype .

Alternative


universal restriction

Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


universal restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:allValuesFrom prefix:datatype .

Alternative


universal restriction

The value constraint owl:someValuesFrom is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a class description or a data range. A restriction containing an owl:someValuesFrom constraint describes a class of all individuals for which at least one value of the property concerned is an instance of the class description or a data value in the data range. In other words, it defines a class of individuals x for which there is at least one y (either an instance of the class description or value of the data range) such that the pair (x,y) is an instance of P. This does not exclude that there are other instances (x,y') of P for which y' does not belong to the class description or data range.

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


existencial restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:someValuesFrom ns:Class2 .

Alternative


existencial restriction

Alternative


existencial restriction
Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


existencial restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:someValuesFrom xsd:datatype .

Alternative


existencial restriction

Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


existencial restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:someValuesFrom prefix:datatype .

Alternative


existencial restriction

The value constraint owl:hasValue is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a value V, which can be either an individual or a data value. A restriction containing a owl:hasValue constraint describes a class of all individuals for which the property concerned has at least one value semantically equal to V (it may have other values as well).

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


owl:hasValue restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:hasValue ns:Individual1 .

Alternative


owl:hasValue restriction

Alternative


owl:hasValue restriction
Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


owl:hasValue restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:hasValue "data_value"^^xsd:datatype .

Alternative


owl:hasValue restriction

Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


owl:hasValue restriction 		rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:hasValue "data_value"^^prefix:datatype .

Alternative


owl:hasValue restriction
2.5.3.2. Cardinality Constraints

Cardinality restriction of a concept on an object property. The ns:Class1 class is subclass of an anonymus concept which has an object property ns:objectProperty, and should have at least N1 and at most N2 individuals from class ns:Class2. If the N2 element is equal to the letter N, it means owl:maxCardinality does not exist. If the N1 element is equal to 0, it means owl:minCardinality does not exist. If the N1 is equal to N2, it means owl:cardinality does exist

Cardinality restriction of a concept on a datatype property. The ns:Class concept is subclass of an anonymus concept which has an datatype property ns:datatypeProperty, and shall have at least N1 and at most N2 values. If the N2 element is equal to the letter N, it means owl:maxCardinality does not exist. If the N1 element is equal to 0, it means owl:minCardinality does not exist. If the N1 is equal to N2, it means owl:cardinality does exist

The cardinality constraint owl:maxCardinality is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the value space of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:maxCardinality constraint describes a class of all individuals that have at most N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint.

Diagram Block OWL Element
max cardinality rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:maxCardinality "N2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
Diagram Block OWL Element
max cardinality rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:maxCardinality "N2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger

The cardinality constraint owl:minCardinality is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the value space of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:minCardinality constraint describes a class of all individuals that have at least N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint.

Diagram Block OWL Element
min cardinality rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:minCardinality "N1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
Diagram Block OWL Element
min cardinality rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:minCardinality "N1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger

The cardinality constraint owl:cardinality is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the range of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:cardinality constraint describes a class of all individuals that have exactly N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint.

Diagram Block OWL Element
cardinality rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:cardinality "N3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
Diagram Block OWL Element
cardinality rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ;
owl:cardinality "N3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
2.5.4. Intersection

It can be viewed as representing the AND operator on classes. The owl:intersectionOf property links a class to a list of class descriptions. An owl:intersectionOf statement describes a class for which the class extension contains precisely those individuals that are members of the class extension of all class descriptions in the list.

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


subclass 		owl:intersectionOf (ns:Class1 ns:Class2)

Alternative


subclass
2.5.5. Union

It can be viewed as representing the OR operator on classes. The owl:unionOf property links a class to a list of class descriptions. An owl:unionOf statement describes an anonymous class for which the class extension contains those individuals that occur in at least one of the class extensions of the class descriptions in the list.

Diagram Block OWL Element

Preferred


subclass 		owl:unionOf (ns:Class1 ns:Class2)

Alternative


subclass
2.5.6. Complement

It can be viewed as representing the NOR operator on classes. The owl:complementOf property links a class to precisely one class description. An owl:complementOf statement describes a class for which the class extension contains exactly those individuals that do not belong to the class extension of the class description that is the object of the statement. owl:complementOf is analogous to logical negation: the class extension consists of those individuals that are NOT members of the class extension of the complement class.

Diagram Block OWL Element
namespace owl:complementOf (ns:Class2)
2.6. Class Axioms

Class descriptions form the building blocks for defining classes through class axioms. OWL contains three language constructs for combining class descriptions into class axioms:

  • rdfs:subClassOf allows one to say that the class extension of a class description is a subset of the class extension of another class description.
  • owl:equivalentClass allows one to say that a class description has exactly the same class extension as another class description.
  • owl:disjointWith allows one to say that the class extension of a class description has no members in common with the class extension of another class description.

More Information

For the moment the anonymous class has just been implemented as "objects" of a class axiom.

2.6.1. Subclass

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class2 concept is sub-class of ns:Class1

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


subclass 		ns:Class2 owl:subClassOf ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

Alternative


subclass

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred

subclass 		ns:Class a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:Individual .

Alternative

subclass

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction. Note that all the property restrictions explained above applied with the subclass class axiom. However, just the owl:allValuesFrom notation was drawn in order to not overload this section.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


subclass 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 ;
rdfs:range ns:Class2 .

Alternative


subclass

Alternative


subclass 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class 2 .

Alternative


subclass
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


subclass 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom xsd:datatype ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ] .

ns:datatypeProperty1 a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:datatype .

Alternative


subclass

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents an intersection

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


subclass 		ns:Class3 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


subclass

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents an union

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


subclass 		ns:Class3 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


subclass

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents a complement

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


subclass 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class2 ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


subclass
2.6.2. Equivalent

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class2 concept is equivalent to ns:Class1

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


equivalent 		ns:Class1 owl:equivalentClass ns:Class2 .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


equivalent

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents an enumeration

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred

equivalent 		ns:Class a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:Individual .

Alternative

equivalent

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents a property restriction. Note that all the property restrictions explained above applied with the equivalent class axiom. However, just the owl:allValuesFrom notation was drawn in order to not overload this section.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


equivalent 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class2 .

Alternative

equivalent

Alternative


equivalent 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 ;
rdfs:range ns:Class2 .
Notation Example OWL Code
namespace ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom xsd:datatype ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ] .

ns:datatypeProperty1 a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:datatype .

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents an intersection

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


equivalent 		ns:Class3 a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


equivalent

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents an union

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


equivalent 		ns:Class3 a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


equivalent

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents a complement

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


equivalent 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class2 ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


equivalent
2.6.3. Disjoint

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class2 and ns:Class1 are disjoint concepts

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


disjoint 		ns:Class1 owl:disjointWith ns:Class2 .

ns:Class 2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


disjoint

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents an enumeration.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred

disjoint 		ns:Class a owl:Class ;
owl:disjointClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:Individual .

Alternative

disjoint

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents a property restriction. Note that all the property restrictions explained above applied with the subclass class axiom. However, just the owl:allValuesFrom notation was drawn in order to not overload this section.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


disjoint 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:disjointClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class 2 .

Alternative


disjoint

Alternative


disjoint 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:disjointClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 ;
rdfs:range ns:Class 2 .
Notation Example OWL Code
namespace ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom xsd:datatype ;
owl:onProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .
ns:datatypeProperty1 a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:datatype .

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents an intersection

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


disjoint 		ns:Class3 a owl:Class ;
owl:disjointClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class

ns:Class2 a owl:Class

Alternative


disjoint

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents an union

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


disjoint 		ns:Class3 a owl:Class ;
owl:disjointClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


disjoint

Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents a complement

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


disjoint 		ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:disjointClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class2 ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


disjoint
2.7. Object Properties
2.7.1. Domain and Range

Object properties without domain and range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class

Alternative

Alternative


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .

Object properties with domain and range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 ;
rdfs:range ns:Class2 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative

Alternative

Object properties with domain but without range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative

 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

Object properties without domain but with range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class2 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative

 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class2 .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .
2.7.2. Functional Properties
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:FunctionalProperty .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative
2.7.3. Inverse Functional Properties

A functional property can be an owl:ObjectProperty or an owl:DatatypeProperty. For that reason, it is neccesary to specify the type of the property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:FunctionalProperty .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:FunctionalProperty .
2.7.4. Symmetric Properties
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:SymmetricProperty .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:SymmetricProperty .
2.7.5. Transitive Properties
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:TransitiveProperty .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


 ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:TransitiveProperty .
2.8. Datatype Properties
2.8.1. Domain and Range

Datatype properties without domain and range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .

ns:Class a owl:Class .

Alternative


 ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .

Datatype properties with domain and range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class ;
rdfs:range xsd:datatype .

ns:Class a owl:Class .

Alternative

Datatype properties with domain and without range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class .

ns:Class a owl:Class .

Alternative

Datatype properties without domain but with range.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:datatype .

ns:Class a owl:Class .

Alternative


 ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:datatype .

Definition of a customized datatype

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:datatypeProperty1 rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:datatype .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

Alternative


 ns:datatypeProperty1 rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:datatype .
2.8.2. Enumerated datatypes

In addition to the RDF datatypes, OWL provides one additional construct for defining a range of data values, namely an enumerated datatype. This datatype format makes use of the owl:oneOf construct. In the case of an enumerated datatype, the subject of owl:oneOf is a blank node of class owl:DataRange and the object is a list of literals.

Diagram Block OWL Element
Enumerated datatype ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
owl:oneOf [ a rdf:List ;
rdf:first "value1"^^xsd:datatype ;
rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ;
rdf:first "value2"^^xsd:datatype ;
rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ;
rdf:first "value3"^^xsd:datatype ;
rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] .

Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.

Diagram Block OWL Element
Enumerated datatype ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
owl:oneOf [ a rdf:List ;
rdf:first "value1"^^prefix:datatype ;
rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ;
rdf:first "value2"^^prefix:datatype ;
rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ;
rdf:first "value3"^^prefix:datatype ;
rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] .
2.8.3. Functional Properties

A functional property can be an owl:ObjectProperty or an owl:DatatypeProperty. For that reason, it is neccesary to specify the type of the property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred

 ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ,
owl:FunctionalProperty .

ns:Class a owl:Class .

Alternative
2.9. Relations between Object Properties

Currently, the converter only supports the "Preferred" version of the relations.

2.9.1. Sub-Property
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf ns:objectProperty2 .

ns:objectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty .

Alternative

Note that this is just visual notation
2.9.2. Equivalent Property
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:equivalentProperty ns:objectProperty2 .

ns:objectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty .

Alternative

Note that this is just visual notation
2.9.3. Inverse Property
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf ns:objectProperty2 .

ns:ObjectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty .

Alternative

Note that this is just visual notation
2.10. Relations between Datatype Properties
2.10.1. Sub-Property
Notation Example OWL Code
ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf ns:datatypeProperty1 .

ns:datatypeProperty1 a owl:DatatypeProperty .
2.10.2. Equivalent Property
Notation Example OWL Code
ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
owl:equivalentProperty ns:datatypeProperty1 .

ns:datatypeProperty1 a owl:DatatypeProperty .
2.11. Individuals
2.11.1. Class Membership
Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


 ns:Individual a owl:Individual ;
rdf:type ns:Class .

ns:Class a owl:Class .

Alternative

Alternative

Alternative
2.11.2. Property Values

Association between individuals in RDF graphs.

Notation Example OWL Code
ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual ;
ns:objectProperty ns:Individual2 .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty .

Association between individuals and datatype values in RDF graphs.

Notation Example OWL Code
ns:Individual a owl:Individual ;
ns:datatypeProperty "value"^^datatype .

Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.

Notation Example OWL Code
ns:Individual a owl:Individual ;
ns:datatypeProperty "value"^^prefix:datatype .
2.11.3. Individual Identity
2.11.3.1. Same As
Notation Example OWL Code
ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual ;
owl:sameAs ns:Individual2 .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .
2.11.3.2. Different From
Notation Example OWL Code
ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual ;
owl:differentFrom ns:Individual2 .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .
2.11.3.3. All Different
Notation Example OWL Code
[rdf:type owl:AllDifferent ;
owl:distinctMembers (ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3)] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:Individual .

3. Combining Class Descriptions

An anonymous Class acts semantically as a Class. Therefore, inside a Class Description could be another Class Description. In this section the notation used in order to concatenate class descriptions are explained. Note that different class axioms can be used, owl:equivalentClass is just used in order to not overload this section.

3.1. Restriction of Classes

Note that in case of property restrictions just owl:allValuesFrom and owl:someValuesFrom can be concatenated with others class descriptions.

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] ] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:Class .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Class .

ns:Individual3 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty1 ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class2 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty2 ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 .

ns:objectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class2 .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an intersection inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class2 ns:Class3 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an union inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class2 ns:Class3 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents a complement inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class1 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class2 ] ) ] .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain ns:Class1 .
3.2. Intersection of Classes

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class5 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:Individual .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class4 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class3 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class3 .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an intersection inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class5 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class3 ns:Class4 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:Class4 a owl:Class .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an union inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class5 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class3 ns:Class4 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:Class4 a owl:Class .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents a complement inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class4 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class3 ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .
3.3. Union of Classes

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class5 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:Individual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:Individual .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class4 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class3 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class3 .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an intersection inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class5 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class3 ns:Class4 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:Class4 a owl:Class .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents an union inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class5 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class3 ns:Class4 ) ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

ns:Class4 a owl:Class .

Definition of an anonymous class which represents a complement inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.

Notation Example OWL Code
disjoint ns:Class4 a owl:Class ;
owl:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class3 ] ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

4. Anonymous classes as domain and range in properties

4.1. Object Properties Domain

Enumeration as domain of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


enumeration as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Individual1 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:NamedIndividual .

Alternative


enumeration as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:NamedIndividual .

Restriction as domain of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


restriction as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class1 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty2 ] .

ns:objectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


restriction as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class1 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty2 ] .

ns:objectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

Intersection as domain of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


intersection as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

Alternative


intersection as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Union as domain of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


union as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

Alternative


union as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Complement as domain of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


complement as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class1 ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


complement as domain of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class1 ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .
4.2. Object Properties Range

Enumeration as range of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


enumeration as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Individual1 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:NamedIndividual .

Alternative


enumeration as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:NamedIndividual .

Restriction as range of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


restriction as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class1 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty2 ] .

ns:objectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


restriction as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class1 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty2 ] .

ns:objectProperty2 a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

Intersection as range of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


intersection as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

Alternative


intersection as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Union as range of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


union as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

ns:Class3 a owl:Class .

Alternative


union as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Complement as range of an object property.

Notation Example OWL Code

Preferred


complement as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class1 ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Alternative


complement as range of an object property 		ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class1 ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .
4.3. Datatype Properties Domain

Enumeration as domain of an datatype property.

Notation Example OWL Code
enumeration as domain of an datatype property ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3 ) ] .

ns:Individual1 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual2 a owl:NamedIndividual .

ns:Individual3 a owl:NamedIndividual .

Restriction as domain of an datatype property.

Notation Example OWL Code
restriction as domain of an datatype property ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom ns:Class1 ;
owl:onProperty ns:objectProperty ] .

ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range ns:Class1 .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

Intersection as domain of an datatype property.

Notation Example OWL Code
intersection as domain of an datatype property ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:intersectionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Union as domain of an datatype property.

Notation Example OWL Code
union as domain of an datatype property ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:unionOf ( ns:Class1 ns:Class2 ) ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .

ns:Class2 a owl:Class .

Complement as domain of a datatype property.

Notation Example OWL Code
complement as domain of an datatype property ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:complementOf ns:Class1 ] .

ns:Class1 a owl:Class .