Chowlk Visual Notation
A set of recommendations for ontology diagrams representation.
Contact:
María Poveda-Villalón
Contact email: chowlk@delicias.dia.fi.upm.es
Authors:
María Poveda-Villalón
(Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
Raúl García-Castro
(Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
Serge Chávez-Feria
(Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
Sergio-Mario Carulli-Pérez
(Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
Last update:
2022-12-22
Chowlk Diagrams.net Library (lightweight version):
Chowlk Diagrams.net Librayr (complete version):
Getting Started
The following video shows you how to start conceptualizing your ontology using diagrams.net and this notation.
1. Introduction
This document describes the Chowlk visual notation to construct ontology conceptualizations. It provides a set of visual blocks to represent each element from the OWL specification. The visual notation allows the representation of high-level as well as fine-grained constructs from the OWL language, giving the user the freedom to choose the level of expresiveness for their conceptualization.
2. Specification
This sections gives detailed information about the diagraming blocks used to represent the OWL elements used in the construction of an ontology. The specification is structured around the three main elements of an ontology: owl:Class, owl:ObjectProperty and owl:DatatypeProperty. Each table in the sub-sections contains not only the diagram block but also the equivalent owl code, and a description of the element.
2.1. Basic Elements
Diagram Block | Description | OWL Element |
---|---|---|
Block to represent named and unnamed classes, as well as individual elements within the ontology conceptualization. The content of the block should be accompanied with the prefix and the name of the concept on order to fully identify it. | owl:Class |
|
Block to represent named and unnamed classes, as well as individual elements within the ontology conceptualization. The content of the block should be accompanied with the prefix and the name of the concept on order to fully identify it. | owl:Individual |
|
Standard way to represent object properties. Variations can apply to the type of line or the connections style depending on the range or domain specification. For more details see section 2.3. | owl:ObjectProperty |
|
Special arrow to indicate sub-class relationship between two classes. | owl:subClassOf |
|
Special arrow to represent several relationships between elements of this specification.
It can be used to indicate rdf:type relationships, or to connect a owl:unionOf axiom with all
the concepts it is composed of.
| rdf:type |
|
Standard way to represent datatype properties attached to a specific owl:Class element. Variations can apply to the type of outer line depending on the domain and range specification. For more details see section 2.4. | rdf:DatatypeProperty |
|
Alternative way to represent object properties. | rdf:ObjectProperty |
|
Alternative way to represent datatype properties. | rdf:DatatypeProperty |
|
Block to indicate all the namespaces used in the ontology. The first namespace is the URI used for the current ontology. It is obligatory to include all the namespaces being used in order to use the ontology converter service. | @prefix base: <http://namespace.com#> |
|
Block to indicate the annotation properties describing the ontology. The annotations in use should include the prefix and the annotation name, as indicated in the figure. If custom annotations are utilized, the namespace block should include the prefixes and namespaces for those annotation properties. | owl:AnnotationProperty |
2.2. Namespaces
By default chowlk provides the following namespaces:
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
- xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
- dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
- vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>
Definition of @base an empty prefix when they are not specified in the namespaces.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg#> . |
Definition of @base an empty prefix when a base is specified in the namespaces but the empty prefix is not specified.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/base#> . |
Definition of @base an empty prefix when a base is not specified in the namespaces but the empty prefix is specified.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/emptyPrefix#> . |
Definition of @base an empty prefix when they are specified in namespaces.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
prefix : <https://w3id.org/def/emptyPrefix#> . |
2.3. Ontology Metadata
The metadata associated to the ontology itself is important in order to provide an overview and identify an ontology, understand its usage conditions and understand its provenance. We recommend the following properties. The optional properties are not critical to identify or reuse a target ontology. However, they provide additional information to understand the vocabulary.
More Information
More information about this metadata in D. Garijo, M. Poveda-Villalon, "Best Practices for Implementing FAIR Vocabularies and Ontologies on the Web" In "Applications and Practices in Ontology Design", IOS Press, 2020.
Property Name | Annotation Property | Rationale | Guideline |
---|---|---|---|
License | dcterms:license |
Usage conditions | Recommended |
Creator | dcterms:creator |
Provenance and attribution | Recommended |
Contributor | dcterms:contributor |
Provenance and attribution | Recommended |
Creation date | dcterms:created |
Provenance | Recommended |
Previous version | owl:priorVersion |
Provenance and comparison | Recommended |
Namespace URI | vann:preferredNamespaceUri |
Identifying the ontology | Recommended |
Version IRI | owl:versionIRI |
Versioning | Recommended |
Prefix | vann:preferredNamespacePrefix |
Identifying the ontology | Recommended |
Title | dcterms:title |
Understanding | Recommended |
Description | dcterms:description |
Understanding | Recommended |
Citation | dcterms:bibliographicCitation |
Credit | Recommended |
Abstract | dcterms:abstract |
Additional information | Optional |
See also | rdfs:seeAlso |
Additional information | Optional |
Status | sw:status |
Maturity information | Optional |
Backward compatibility | owl:backwardCompatibility |
Version compatibility | Optional |
Incompatibility | owl:incompatibleWith |
Version compatibility | Optional |
Modification Date | dcterms:modified |
Provenance and timeliness | Optional |
Issued date | dcterms:issued |
Provenance and timeliness | Optional |
Source | dcterms:source |
Provenance | Optional |
Publisher | dcterms:published |
Provenance | Optional |
DOI | bibo:doi |
Bibliographic information | Optional |
Logo | foaf:logo |
Identifying the ontology | Optional |
Diagram | foaf:depiction |
Visual documentation | Optional |
The same ontology metadata can be defined more than once if it has more than one value.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
dc:creator "María Poveda-Villalón", |
owl:imports
can be defined too. If more than one ontology are going to be imported, they have to be
in different lines.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
owl:imports <https://saref.etsi.org/saref4city/>,
<https://saref.etsi.org/saref4watr/> . |
2.4. Class Definition
Definition of a named class.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
owl:Class |
Definition of an unnamed class to represent property restrictions and owl:complementOf
.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
owl:Class |
Definition of an unnamed class to represent logical combinations between other classes, such as AND or OR operators.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
owl:Class |
2.5. Class Descriptions
A class description describes an OWL class, either by a class name or by specifying the class extension of an unnamed anonymous class. OWL distinguishes six types of class descriptions:
- a class identifier (a URI reference)
- an exhaustive enumeration of individuals that together form the instances of a class
- a property restriction
- the intersection of two or more class descriptions
- the union of two or more class descriptions
- the complement of a class description
2.5.1. Class Identifier
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
ns:Class a owl:Class |
2.5.2. Enumeration
A class description of the "enumeration" kind is defined with the owl:oneOf
property. The value of this built-in
OWL property must be a list of individuals that are the instances of the class. This enables a class to be
described by exhaustively enumerating its instances. The class extension of a class described with owl:oneOf
contains exactly the enumerated individuals, no more, no less.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
owl:oneOf (ns:Individual1 ns:Individual2 ns:Individual3) |
2.5.3. Restriction
A property restriction is a special kind of class description. It describes an anonymous class, namely a class of all individuals that satisfy the restriction. OWL distinguishes two kinds of property restrictions: value constraints and cardinality constraints.
- A value constraint puts constraints on the range of the property when applied to this particular class description.
- A cardinality constraint puts constraints on the number of values a property can take, in the context of this particular class description.
2.5.3.1. Value Constraints
The value constraint owl:allValuesFrom
is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to either a class description
or a data range. A restriction containing an owl:allValuesFrom
constraint is used to describe a class of all individuals for which all
values of the property under consideration are either members of the class extension of the class description or are data values within
the specified data range. In other words, it defines a class of individuals x for which holds that if the pair (x,y) is an instance of
P (the property concerned), then y should be an instance of the class description or a value in the data range, respectively.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
The value constraint owl:someValuesFrom
is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a class description or a data range.
A restriction containing an owl:someValuesFrom
constraint describes a class of all individuals for which at least one value of the property concerned
is an instance of the class description or a data value in the data range. In other words, it defines a class of individuals x for which there is at
least one y (either an instance of the class description or value of the data range) such that the pair (x,y) is an instance of P. This does not exclude
that there are other instances (x,y') of P for which y' does not belong to the class description or data range.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
The value constraint owl:hasValue
is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a value V,
which can be either an individual or a data value. A restriction containing a owl:hasValue
constraint describes a class
of all individuals for which the property concerned has at least one value semantically equal to V (it may have other values as well).
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Alternative |
2.5.3.2. Cardinality Constraints
Cardinality restriction of a concept on an object property. The ns:Class1
class is subclass of an anonymus concept which has an object property ns:objectProperty
, and
should have at least N1 and at most N2 individuals from class ns:Class2
. If the N2
element is equal to the letter N, it means owl:maxCardinality
does not exist. If the N1
element is equal to 0, it means owl:minCardinality
does not exist. If the N1 is equal to N2, it means owl:cardinality
does exist
Cardinality restriction of a concept on a datatype property. The ns:Class
concept is subclass of an anonymus concept which has an
datatype property ns:datatypeProperty
, and shall have at least N1 and at most N2 values. If the N2 element is equal
to the letter N, it means owl:maxCardinality
does not exist. If the N1 element is equal to 0,
it means owl:minCardinality
does not exist. If the N1 is equal to N2, it means owl:cardinality
does exist
The cardinality constraint owl:maxCardinality
is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the
value space of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:maxCardinality
constraint describes a class of all individuals
that have at most N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
The cardinality constraint owl:minCardinality
is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to
the value space of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:minCardinality
constraint describes a class of all
individuals that have at least N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the
cardinality constraint.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
The cardinality constraint owl:cardinality
is a built-in OWL property that links a restriction class to a data value belonging to the
range of the XML Schema datatype nonNegativeInteger. A restriction containing an owl:cardinality
constraint describes a class of all individuals that
have exactly N semantically distinct values (individuals or data values) for the property concerned, where N is the value of the cardinality constraint.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
rdf:type owl:Restriction ; |
2.5.4. Intersection
It can be viewed as representing the AND operator on classes. The owl:intersectionOf
property links a
class to a list of class descriptions. An owl:intersectionOf
statement describes a class for which the class
extension contains precisely those individuals that are members of the class extension of all class descriptions in the list.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
owl:intersectionOf (ns:Class1 ns:Class2) |
Alternative |
2.5.5. Union
It can be viewed as representing the OR operator on classes. The owl:unionOf
property links a
class to a list of class descriptions. An owl:unionOf
statement describes an anonymous class for which the class
extension contains those individuals that occur in at least one of the class extensions of the class descriptions in the list.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
Preferred |
owl:unionOf (ns:Class1 ns:Class2) |
Alternative |
2.5.6. Complement
It can be viewed as representing the NOR operator on classes. The owl:complementOf
property links a
class to precisely one class description. An owl:complementOf
statement describes a class for which the class
extension contains exactly those individuals that do not belong to the class extension of the class description that is the
object of the statement. owl:complementOf
is analogous to logical negation: the class extension consists of
those individuals that are NOT members of the class extension of the complement class.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
owl:complementOf (ns:Class2) |
2.6. Class Axioms
Class descriptions form the building blocks for defining classes through class axioms. OWL contains three language constructs for combining class descriptions into class axioms:
- rdfs:subClassOf allows one to say that the class extension of a class description is a subset of the class extension of another class description.
- owl:equivalentClass allows one to say that a class description has exactly the same class extension as another class description.
- owl:disjointWith allows one to say that the class extension of a class description has no members in common with the class extension of another class description.
More Information
For the moment the anonymous class has just been implemented as "objects" of a class axiom.
2.6.1. Subclass
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class2
concept is sub-class of ns:Class1
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class2 owl:subClassOf ns:Class1 . |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction. Note that all the
property restrictions explained above applied with the subclass class axiom. However, just the
owl:allValuesFrom
notation was drawn in order to not overload this section.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents an intersection
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class3 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents an union
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class3 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is sub-class of an anonymous class which represents a complement
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
2.6.2. Equivalent
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class2
concept is equivalent to ns:Class1
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 owl:equivalentClass ns:Class2 . |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents an
enumeration
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents a
property restriction. Note that all the
property restrictions explained above applied with the equivalent class axiom. However, just the
owl:allValuesFrom
notation was drawn in order to not overload this section.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents an
intersection
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class3 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents an
union
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class3 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is equivalent to an anonymous class which represents a
complement
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
2.6.3. Disjoint
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class2
and ns:Class1
are disjoint concepts
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 owl:disjointWith ns:Class2 . |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents an
enumeration.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents a
property restriction. Note that all the
property restrictions explained above applied with the subclass class axiom. However, just the
owl:allValuesFrom
notation was drawn in order to not overload this section.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents an
intersection
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class3 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents an
union
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class3 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
Graphical representations to indicate that ns:Class
concept is disjoint with an anonymous class which represents a
complement
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Alternative |
2.7. Object Properties
2.7.1. Domain and Range
Object properties without domain and range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . |
Object properties with domain and range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
Object properties with domain but without range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Object properties without domain but with range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; |
2.7.2. Functional Properties
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , |
Alternative |
2.7.3. Inverse Functional Properties
A functional property can be an owl:ObjectProperty
or an owl:DatatypeProperty
. For that reason, it is neccesary to specify
the type of the property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , |
2.7.4. Symmetric Properties
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , |
2.7.5. Transitive Properties
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , |
2.8. Datatype Properties
2.8.1. Domain and Range
Datatype properties without domain and range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty . |
Alternative |
ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty . |
Datatype properties with domain and range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Alternative |
Datatype properties with domain and without range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Alternative |
Datatype properties without domain but with range.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Definition of a customized datatype
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:datatypeProperty1 rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:datatypeProperty1 rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
2.8.2. Enumerated datatypes
In addition to the RDF datatypes, OWL provides one additional construct for defining a range of data values, namely an
enumerated datatype. This datatype format makes use of the owl:oneOf
construct. In the case of an enumerated datatype,
the subject of owl:oneOf
is a blank node of class owl:DataRange and the object is a list of literals.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.
Diagram Block | OWL Element |
---|---|
ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
2.8.3. Functional Properties
A functional property can be an owl:ObjectProperty
or an owl:DatatypeProperty
. For that reason, it is neccesary to specify
the type of the property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:datatypeProperty rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty , |
Alternative |
2.9. Relations between Object Properties
Currently, the converter only supports the "Preferred" version of the relations.
2.9.1. Sub-Property
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative Note that this is just visual notation |
2.9.2. Equivalent Property
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative Note that this is just visual notation |
2.9.3. Inverse Property
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty1 a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative Note that this is just visual notation |
2.10. Relations between Datatype Properties
2.10.1. Sub-Property
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
2.10.2. Equivalent Property
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:datatypeProperty2 a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
2.11. Individuals
2.11.1. Class Membership
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:Individual a owl:Individual ; |
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
|
Alternative |
2.11.2. Property Values
Association between individuals in RDF graphs.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual ; |
Association between individuals and datatype values in RDF graphs.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:Individual a owl:Individual ; |
Moreover, costum data values can be defined specifying the prefixes of the datatypes. By default the prefix is xsd.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:Individual a owl:Individual ; |
2.11.3. Individual Identity
2.11.3.1. Same As
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual ; |
2.11.3.2. Different From
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
ns:Individual1 a owl:Individual ; |
2.11.3.3. All Different
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
[rdf:type owl:AllDifferent ; |
3. Combining Class Descriptions
An anonymous Class acts semantically as a Class. Therefore, inside a Class Description
could be another Class Description. In this section the notation used in order to concatenate
class descriptions are explained. Note that different class axioms can be used, owl:equivalentClass
is just used in order to not overload this section.
3.1. Restriction of Classes
Note that in case of property restrictions just
owl:allValuesFrom
and owl:someValuesFrom
can be concatenated with others class descriptions.
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an intersection inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an union inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents a complement inside of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class1 a owl:Class ; |
3.2. Intersection of Classes
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class5 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class4 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an intersection inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class5 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an union inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class5 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents a complement inside of an anonymous class which represents an intersection.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class4 a owl:Class ; |
3.3. Union of Classes
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an enumeration inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class5 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents a property restriction inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class4 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an intersection inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class5 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents an union inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class5 a owl:Class ; |
Definition of an anonymous class which represents a complement inside of an anonymous class which represents an union.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:Class4 a owl:Class ; |
4. Anonymous classes as domain and range in properties
4.1. Object Properties Domain
Enumeration as domain of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Restriction as domain of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Intersection as domain of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Union as domain of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Complement as domain of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
4.2. Object Properties Range
Enumeration as range of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Restriction as range of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Intersection as range of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Union as range of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Complement as range of an object property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
Preferred |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
Alternative |
ns:objectProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; |
4.3. Datatype Properties Domain
Enumeration as domain of an datatype property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Restriction as domain of an datatype property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Intersection as domain of an datatype property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Union as domain of an datatype property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |
Complement as domain of a datatype property.
Notation Example | OWL Code |
---|---|
|
ns:datatypeProperty a owl:DatatypeProperty ; |